The female reproductive system is an intricate and complex system with many things that can go wrong with the slightest imbalance. From complaints like PMS and its range of various symptoms to much more complicated problems like Endometriosis or Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

What is PCOS?

Some women (approximately 20%) have cysts on their ovaries but do not have PCOS, others who do suffer from PCOS have cysts accompanied by this metabolic ‘syndrome’ that is associated with Insulin Resistance and overproduction or over-activity of androgens (predominantly male hormones produced by the adrenal glands which are precursors to female hormones, one example is DHEA).

PCOS has a range of signs and symptoms including any, but not necessarily all of the following

• Polycystic ovaries (shown on an ultrasound)
• Hormonal abnormalities
• Irregular ovulation and menstruation
• Amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
• Hirsutism (a fine layer of hair on the face) & excess body hair
• Acne
• Obesity or being overweight
• Very rarely the voice may deepen and changes in body shape may occur

Medical Treatment of PCOS

Drug therapies

• Synthetic progesterone & oestrogen (such as the Oral Contraceptive Pill) to correct hormone imbalance. Using synthetic hormones to block the effects of androgens will treat the symptoms of hirsutism and acne. Often these treatments cause other unwanted side effects including increased triglycerides and decreased HDLs (good cholesterol) and the symptoms may return after the treatment is stopped as they are masking the problem rather than fixing the underlying cause
• Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is often used to stimulate ovulation where infertility is a concern

IVF (invitro fertilization) may be used in difficult cases

A Holistic Perspective on PCOS

Because Insulin Resistance is linked with PCOS, diet and lifestyle changes often bring about dramatic change and positive results, but it is therefore important to look at these factors as possible causes.

Some contributing factors may include

• Being overweight is often a major factor because excess fat stores will disrupt hormonal balance, however it may not be a cause on its own, but is seen to exacerbate the condition dramatically. Women do suffer PCOS & Insulin Resistance without being overweight
• In some cases PCOS is inherited, some women will actually have inherited the condition but not develop the symptoms
• Nutritional deficiencies, in particular Magnesium, caused by diet or malabsorption
• Lifestyle factors such as inactivity, smoking, alcohol or caffeine intake
• There may have been exposure to heavy metals, chemicals or pesticides which could disrupt the intricate hormonal balance required for the menstrual cycle
• Stress, anxiety and possibly allergies may be possible causes
• The Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) can often mask the symptoms of PCOS. Many people become aware of the problem once the OCP is stopped because they would like to conceive

Diagnosing PCOS

Most people with PCOS will currently be under the supervision of a GP and/or Gynecologist and would have undergone the following tests to confirm a diagnosed of PCOS

With the above symptoms present

• Blood tests to determine androgen levels (DHEA), plus Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels
• Determine if Insulin Resistance is present by taking blood to test fasting insulin levels, then possibly an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm the diagnosis
• A Thyroid function test may be indicated, depending on symptoms
• If obesity is present a blood test will be required to check if abnormally low HDL (good cholesterol) and high triglyceride levels are of concern
• An ultrasound of the ovaries is usually the last step because as mentioned above, cysts may be present on the ovaries without PCOS

Treatment for PCOS – always consult your GP or specialist, but it would also be wise to see a holistic practitioner such as a naturopath who can prescribe quality supplements to assist your treatment. Treatment does not have to be complex or difficult and often a simple approach will achieve positive results rather quickly

• Nutritional supplements, specifically Magnesium, Zinc & Chromium to improve glucose uptake balance blood sugar levels
• Dietary changes, LOW Glycaemic Index foods are indicated here as the best way to control Insulin Resistance and reduce weight
• Lifestyle considerations are important, with exercise being a big part of improving Insulin Sensitivity, keeping triglycerides and HDLs at healthy levels and maintaining a healthy weight
• There are a range of herbal remedies that can assist with regulating hormones and ensuring a regular menstrual cycle but it is best to see your Naturopath or Herbalist for a proper prescription to suit your individual needs